Bhairav (Through the eyes of Uttarakhand) Garhwal ( Part-1)

"Bhairav and Garhwal"

As we journey into the breathtaking region of Uttarakhand known as "Garhwal," we encounter small temples nestled atop majestic mountains, at times appearing isolated from civilization. These temples are dedicated to lesser-known deities and are not widely recognized beyond the region. Typically, they are modest structures located near babbling brooks referred to as "Gadh" or "Gadhera" in the local dialect, or along the narrow paths threading through villages. Constructed from roughly hewn stones of varying sizes and shapes, many of these temples exhibit a rustic, unrefined charm. Some are even fashioned from rudimentary materials like cement, lacking the grandeur and precision associated with more elaborate architectural designs. The majority of temples are devoid of idols, presenting empty interiors. As I delved deeper into my exploration of Bhairav, I unearthed additional information. The Bhairav revered in the Garhwal region differs from the Bhairav described in scriptures. This particular deity, worshipped locally, does not align with the well-known forms of Bhairav, such as the Kal Bhairav of Ujjain. Instead, the Bhairav honored in Garhwal is a regional deity or demigod whose presence is evident in the traditional folk stories recounted during Bhairav worship ceremonies within the local community.

The temples in this region are affectionately referred to as "Thans" or "Mandula" in the local languages. These temples are dedicated to the local deities who are believed to reside among the people, taking "Avtar" and even possessing the bodies of the common folk. Among the locals, these deities are also known as "Bhumiyal Devta," signifying their connection to the land and their role in protecting the villages from troubles. This close association is evident in the stories and songs sung about "Bhairav Devta" during the traditional Jagar performances, showcasing the deep-rooted cultural significance of these deities. Furthermore, the "Garhwal Bhairav Devta" holds the esteemed position of "Naaykari Devta," symbolizing a divine association with justice and fairness.

According to the renowned anthropologist William Sax, the small temples, also known as "Thans," are primarily associated with the deity Bhairav. Through his extensive research and studies, Professor Sax concluded that Bhairav was historically associated with justice and was particularly revered by individuals from underprivileged and marginalized backgrounds. Over time, however, Bhairav's worship transcended social boundaries, attracting devotees from all strata of society, including the upper classes. Consequently, Bhairav's identity evolved from being solely linked to the underprivileged to being regarded as the "Naaykari Devta," a deity accessible to all.